1. A process is best defined as:
A) A program stored on disk
B) A program in execution
C) A set of instructions
D) A compiled object file
B) A program in execution
2. Which of the following information is stored in a Process Control Block (PCB)?
A) Program counter
B) CPU registers
C) Process state
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
3. Which process state represents a process waiting for I/O completion?
A) Ready
B) Running
C) Blocked
D) New
C) Blocked
4. Which transition occurs when a process is interrupted by the CPU scheduler?
A) Ready → Running
B) Running → Ready
C) Blocked → Ready
D) New → Ready
B) Running → Ready
5. The process scheduler selects a process from the:
A) Job queue
B) Device queue
C) Ready queue
D) Waiting queue
C) Ready queue
6. Which component performs context switching?
A) Compiler
B) Loader
C) Kernel
D) Shell
C) Kernel
7. Context switching involves:
A) Saving and restoring CPU state
B) Loading a program from disk
C) Switching memory blocks
D) Creating a new process
A) Saving and restoring CPU state
8. Which of the following is NOT a process state?
A) New
B) Ready
C) Waiting
D) Compiled
D) Compiled
9. Which queue holds processes waiting for I/O devices?
A) Ready queue
B) Job queue
C) Device queue
D) CPU queue
C) Device queue
10. Which system call is used to create a new process in UNIX?
A) exec()
B) fork()
C) wait()
D) exit()
B) fork()
11. After fork(), the child process:
A) Shares the same PID as parent
B) Starts execution from beginning
C) Is a duplicate of parent process
D) Always replaces parent process
C) Is a duplicate of parent process
12. Which system call replaces the process image?
A) fork()
B) wait()
C) exec()
D) exit()
C) exec()
13. Which system call is used by a parent to wait for child termination?
A) fork()
B) wait()
C) exec()
D) exit()
B) wait()
14. Which of the following best describes a zombie process?
A) A running process
B) A process waiting for I/O
C) A terminated process not yet removed from PCB
D) A blocked process
C) A terminated process not yet removed from PCB
15. An orphan process is one whose:
A) Parent is waiting
B) Parent has terminated
C) Child is blocked
D) Execution is stopped
B) Parent has terminated
16. Which process state occurs after completion of execution?
A) Ready
B) Running
C) Terminated
D) Blocked
C) Terminated
17. Which OS structure allows each process to have its own address space?
A) Single-tasking OS
B) Multiprogramming OS
C) Time-sharing OS
D) Multitasking OS
D) Multitasking OS
18. Which of the following is NOT stored in PCB?
A) Process ID
B) CPU scheduling information
C) Source code of program
D) Memory management information
C) Source code of program
19. Which process state is entered when I/O is completed?
A) Blocked → Running
B) Blocked → Ready
C) Ready → Running
D) New → Ready
B) Blocked → Ready
20. Which scheduling decision is taken by the short-term scheduler?
A) Which jobs to admit
B) Which process to execute next
C) Which process to suspend
D) Which file to open
B) Which process to execute next
21. The number of processes that can be in memory simultaneously is controlled by:
A) Long-term scheduler
B) Short-term scheduler
C) Medium-term scheduler
D) CPU
A) Long-term scheduler
22. Medium-term scheduler is mainly responsible for:
A) Process termination
B) Swapping processes
C) CPU allocation
D) I/O allocation
B) Swapping processes
23. Which of the following is an example of a process?
A) Program stored in memory
B) Running instance of a program
C) Set of instructions
D) Algorithm
B) Running instance of a program
24. Which OS concept enables faster context switching?
A) Multithreading
B) Multiprogramming
C) Batch processing
D) Spooling
A) Multithreading
25. Which of the following best describes a thread?
A) Lightweight process
B) Heavyweight process
C) Independent program
D) Separate address space
A) Lightweight process